Internet Is a Double-Edged Sword Essay

Internet already becomes a part of most humen’s life. Most people would like to sit in front of a computer many hours. Young people would like to share their information on facebook than their parents. Knowing how internet effect people’s relationships to other people is important, because there is nothing can replace relationships in human’s life and very hard to fix it. First internet will increase loneliness. Acording to stoll, people who would like to spend time on internet will become more lonely. â€Å"For every hour each week spent online, this group sharnk by about 4 percent.†(Iso, 1) It is very easy to understand. We only have 24hr each day. When a person spends more time on internet, he would spend less time with his family or real life friends. Those people who live with that person in real life will start leaving him. However, those people who found out on the social network site will not stay online all the time. During the blank time, this person will feel lonely. There is nothing in his life. When a person spends more time on internet, enjoy his own small world more, he is also kept away from outside by internet. Most people know, when those people who are falling in internet. they will not respond to any one, refuse any thing not relate with them, not eating any food until really hungry. If any one tries to stop those people in the middle, they will be yalled or scolded. The effect is not very obsiver in the beginning. It will stack. Like a snow ball becomes bigger and bigger. Under this mode, people are selfcentered. People will be lonely by selfcenter, and be isolated by other people. Second, interenet is almost the fastest way to transfer messages and informations. It is good and bad. It is like a double-edged sword. Different way to use it, it will creat differet endings. Many scandals are released on internet first, than many people share or retwitter it. The imformation will not be able to control any more. The problems related with scandals will be solved by the pressure from publick opinion. Presidential election is a best very good example. Romney had almost as many supporters as Obama. After a vedio about a meeting between Romney and many rich supporters in a restauarnt, he lost a lot of supporters instantly. Romney and some of his suppoters’ relationships were totally over at that time. Romney tried to changed those supporters†™ mind about that vedio, but it is way too hard to fix it. On another hand, there are not only bad enddings. Those singers or movie starts use social network site to share their messages to their fans. Internet reduces the distence between people’s relationship. Those famous people would not be easy to meet in real life. Internet is the best way. Few weeks ago, there was a news related with a family and Facebook. A lady send a none sence messages on Facebook. Her hasband immidently realized his wife may suffered a heart attack. He called 911 and drive back to home. Because he descovered it early, his wife get rescued. Internet helped him protected this relationship. Thrid, internet is place can creat relationship. In 20th century, many people start trying to find their wife or husband on social network site or online games. The relationship is very to creat and start compear with real life. People do not have to scare to be refused by a girl or a guy online. No one is watching beside. People will not feel too lose about refuse. Many girls or guys will accept it most time. They would like to give a try, because the person can be the right one. The relationship looks beautiful but it is made by glass. We never know how much lies covered by internet. It can be a fake relationship. Internet is only a tool. It will effect user and their relationship to other people. It is a knock-on effect. People is one who kick it. It still people effect relationship. The only difference is the way use internet.

Baler – Reaction Paper

We spent two hours inside classroom. I saw a lot, discovered new ideas, thought of filling my senses, felt all the lines in the movie. But when I was about to go out, there seems to be something lacking. It’s like something is not reaching my stomach. It was like dissolved in my throat too early. The movie is acceptable. Full of good intentions. Intentions to deliver good performances, to tell a good story, to educate and entertain, to transport the viewer to a period worth knowing, to render good cinema experience. This movie is based on history which is the Siege of Baler that happened near the end of the Philippine-Spanish War, wherein 57 soldiers hid inside a church against Filipino rebel troops. The major events and officials involved in the movie are real people, like Captain Enrique de Las Morenas, the commander of 57 man Spanish detachment of the Second Expeditionary Rifle Battalion. The siege of Baler is the backdrop of this movie, but the story is focused on the romance of Half-Spanish Half Filipino soldier who is Celso Resurreccion (Jericho Rosales), and a native of Baler, Quezon, who is Feliza Reyes (Anne Curtis). Watching the main characters on how they portray the characters are funny. Jericho doesn’t look like Half Spanish. Also Anne wherein she is a native of Baler. She is not qualified to be one. Good thing she act well enough. Cinematography is not that good. Some are excellent but some are dull. The fight scene at the start looked like a montage. But it lacked spirit, doesn’t affect much the viewer. The church looked very fake. Even in the scene where Feliza is reading a love letter. It was dark, she was holding the lamp under the love letter, but how come she still be able to read it? All in all, the movie is good. Although I said in the beginning it’s not good enough. My expectations aren’t met. For the record, I don’t remember studying the Siege of Baler. This served as a good source of my knowledge on our heritage. Baler Un Libro de reaccion para espanoles Pasamos dos horas dentro de clase. Vi un monton, descubierto nuevas ideas, pensamiento de llenar mis sentidos, sintio todas las lineas en la pelicula. Pero cuando estaba a punto de salir, parece que hay algo que falta. Es como si algo no esta llegando a mi estomago. Era como disuelto en la garganta antes de tiempo. La pelicula es aceptable. Lleno de buenas intenciones. Las intenciones de entregar buenos resultados, para contar una buena historia, educar y entretener, para transportar al espectador a un periodo vale la pena conocer, a hacer experiencia de cine bueno. Esta pelicula esta basada en la historia que es el Sitio de Baler que ocurrio cerca del final de la guerra filipino-espanol, en el que 57 soldados se escondio dentro de una iglesia en contra de las tropas rebeldes filipinos. Los eventos principales y funcionarios involucrados en la pelicula son personas reales, como el capitan de Las Morenas Enrique, el comandante del destacamento hombre de 57 espanoles del Batallon Expedicionario Rifle Segunda. El asedio de Baler es el telon de fondo de esta pelicula, pero la historia se centra en el romance de Half-espanolas mitad soldado filipino que es Celso Resurreccion (Jericho Rosales), y un nativo de Baler, Quezon, que es Feliza Reyes (Anne Curtis ). Viendo a los personajes principales en como retratan los personajes son divertidos. Jericho no se parece a la mitad espanoles. Tambien Anne donde ella es originaria de Baler. Ella no esta calificado para ser uno. Menos mal que actuar lo suficientemente bien. Cinematografia no es tan bueno. Algunos son excelentes, pero algunos son aburridos. La escena de la pelea al principio parecia un montaje. Pero carecia de espiritu, no afecta mucho al espectador. La iglesia se veia muy falso. Incluso en la escena en la que Feliza esta leyendo una carta de amor. Estaba oscuro, que sostenia la lampara bajo la carta de amor, pero ?como es que ella todavia ser capaz de leerlo? En conjunto, la pelicula es buena. Aunque he dicho al principio que no es lo suficientemente bueno. Mis expectativas no se cumplen. Para que conste, no me acuerdo el estudio del asedio de Baler. Esto sirvio como una buena fuente de mi conocimiento sobre nuestro patrimonio.

Analysis on “The Fall of the House of Usher”

â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Analysis ?Symbolism is â€Å"the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character† according to dictionary. com. This literary device is employed frequently by authors, and Edgar Allan Poe is no exception. Considered the father of American Gothic literature, Poe is best known for his poem â€Å"The Raven. † â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is perhaps his best-known short story; it set the standard by which Gothic literature, setting and even the term itself are measured.The Title Symbolism in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† begins with the title. At the end of the story, the house itself does indeed fall; in the beginning, however, Roderick Usher tells the narrator that once his chronically ill twin sister Madeleine dies, it â€Å"would leave him (him the hopeless and the frail) the last of the ancient race of the Ushers. † The House There is much symbolism associated with the house itself; the narrator describes the house at length in the beginning of the story.From the outside in, everything about it seems to be in a state of decline, disrepair or neglect, paralleling the steadily declining health of the occupants. Perhaps the most telling image is the upside-down reflection of the house on the lake, indicating that everything about the place is all wrong. The Painting and Poem In the middle of the story, Roderick paints a picture of the inside view of a vault. Later, he and the narrator place the supposedly dead Madeleine in an almost identical real vault. In the same passage, there is a poem or ballad called â€Å"The Haunted Palace. It describes a once-beautiful palace in a once-green setting in which â€Å"evil things, in robes of sorrow / Assailed the monarch's high estate. † The Usher mansion immediately comes to mind, while the â€Å"robes of sorrow† are reminiscent of Madeleine's burial robes. The Weather and Moon In the final scene a storm comes up, building along with the narrative; storms in literature have long been used to underscore climactic action. Finally, as the house crumbles into the lake, there is a full, blood-red moon overhead, symbolic of bloodshed and death

Genocide in Rwanda Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Genocide in Rwanda - Dissertation Example The two groups had different economic roles and responsibilities, the Tutsis were pastoralist while the Hutus were farmers. These are the main economic activities between the two major groups. The Hutus arrived and settled in the region long before the Tutsis came later. The Tutsis are Nilotic and taller slender and having a paler skin with thin lips. On the other hand, the Hutus are shorter, darker and stalker, having a flat nose and thick lips. This means the two ethnic groups were very different both economically and physically. The colonial powers considered Tutsis superior to Hutus in terms of their appearance and skin color; paler. The German and Belgian colonialists use the Tutsis in extending their colonial agenda. The colonial governments passed laws that required everybody to carry identity cards that classified ten as Hutu or Tutsi. This broadened the breach amid the two sets even further. Studies show that the nation`s populace concentration is one of the highest globally . The populace concentration tops that of the populous nations in Africa. It then started by small violence a form of resistance by Hutus against Tutsis. This spirally escalated into a big problem as the struggle spread into other areas of society. In later years, the economic growth of Rwanda was hindered by the drought that affected the country and exposed the two communities to many environmental problems; fertility loss, soil erosion, and deforestation. All this forms the essential links to what created the problems and led to ethnic clashes. In the late 1990s, the then Tutsi activist Habyarimana took a Tutsi led attempted invasion on Rwanda. This according to studies, this led to the first civil war that caused more than a million Rwandan to be physically displaced and they fled into settlement camps (Bloxham 45). The situation causes young and desperate Rwandan to join militia groups in readiness to avenge. The need for vengeance as a way of solving immediate problems meant th at more blood had to be shade. From the previous fact that Rwandans population has since been bloated and it still grows, any unstable environmental factor brought with it. The droughts caused social stress on the resources that were scarce because of an increased population; Hutus were fighting for the scarce farmland while the Tutsis thought they had bigger powers to control the pastoral lands in relation to their political dominance. This meant that ethnic clashes were inevitable reaction given to one problem resulted in another problem. For instance, the Hutus struggled and formed militia groups as a formidable force for battle.

Finding a theme in a story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finding a theme in a story - Essay Example the life lesson of Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell is that very often, one have to make a choice between what is morally right and what one is expected to do or should do, especially in accordance with the law. In the essay, Orwell presents the conflict between the main character’s conscience and the law. The narrator is an imperial police officer, the representative of the conqueror and, consequently, is hated by the natives as â€Å"an obvious target† (Orwell). It is a difficult task for him to endure his job and hostile attitude of the conquered towards him. At the same time, he hates imperialism and the British Empire for the way of life he and the natives have to lead. As Orwell puts it, â€Å"theoretically – and secretly, of course, – I [the narrator] was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British†. In fact, this is the first conflict between the narrator’s conscience and what he is supposed to do / feel. The matter is that as he is a citizen of the British Empire and, more importantly, is at public service, he is supposed to admire his country, its political strategy and ideology. The narrator chooses to hate Britain a nd pity the Burmese though. The second collision between what is morally right and what one is obliged to do is central in the piece under consideration because it is the one that leads to the main character’s deep reflection on his behavior in the situation and in general. What is meant here is the main decision the police officer makes, which is whether to shoot or not to shoot the elephant. As it follows from the essay, the choice is not the easy one for the narrator. He himself tries to justify what he is going to do. He understands that killing the animal is not correct: â€Å"As soon as I saw the elephant I knew perfectly that I ought not to shoot him† as â€Å"at that distance, peacefully eating, the elephant looked no more dangerous than a cow† (Orwell). At the same time, the narrator feels the

Political Kuwait before & after oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political Kuwait before & after oil - Essay Example A look into the performance of the country in the eighteenth and nineteenth century shows that Kuwait was a key link between trading partners of the Mediterranean region and India. The location of the country in the Middle East allowed effective access to seaports and desert land, where merchants engaged in successful trade activities. With trade taking place all around Kuwait, mercantilism best defines Kuwait in the period prior to oil discovery and subsequent exploration. The economic condition of this city-state was subject to the influence of massive trade activities both within and outside Kuwaiti borders. Following trade developments and increase in the number of merchants in Kuwait, social and political practices became evident in the country. This realization would eventually set developmental pace for an oil rich nation. In the social context, merchants were influential people in Kuwait until after oil was commercialized. The primary social organizations in Kuwait comprised of Mariners and Bedouin. These groups closely related with the merchants and rulers of the nation. Politically, Kuwait was ruled under traditional practices until the post oil period, which saw the promulgation of the state’s constitution. Politically, Sheikhs worked closely with merchants in governing Kuwait before the oil era. Following oil discovery and subsequent exploration, Kuwait joined the richest producers of oil in the world. The commercialization of oil meant economic transformation through oil revenues and social organization in terms of the positive impacts of oil wealth. In the post oil era, Kuwait significantly shifted from trade to oil exploration in the 1950s. Government revenues, under the Sheikh-based rule, increased significantly. Political activities further heightened, thereby depicting reduced leadership collaboration between rulers and merchants/trade partners. Most importantly, mariners became organized

The four models of corporate governance as outlined by Letza et al Essay

The four models of corporate governance as outlined by Letza et al - Essay Example Letza et al's journal was based on an extensive survey and critical review of the different theories and concepts that exist in corporate governance. Based on this comprehensive study, they identified four main approaches of perceiving corporate governance. This include: 1. Principal/Agent or Finance Model. 2. The Mypoic Market Model 3. Abuse of Executive Power Model and 4. Stakeholder Model Each of these models of corporate governance provide the basis for the perception of the importance and significance of corporate governance in organisations. Although each of them carry different merits, none of them seem to be universally accepted. This paper examines the four models of corporate governance as outlined by Letza et al (2004). The paper will undertake an analysis of the key features of each of the model. The paper will compare and contrast the approaches for each of the models and assess the future survivability of each of the concepts Corporate Governance Corporate governance re fers to the ways that businesses are ran (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2006). Corporate governance is about how the top level managers charged with stewardship roles in the organisation carry out the task of safeguarding assets and meeting the core vision and mission of the organisation. The development of corporate governance has come with several issues and situations that have had important impacts on the relationship between shareholders and strategic leaders of organisations. Major scandals that rocked the corporate world like the Enron matter played a role in facilitating rules and principles that define the corporate governance terrain today (Clarke, 2005). Important components of businesses played various roles in shaping corporate governance rules and regulations. Short Termism V Sustainability Most businesses are faced with a major dilemma of whether they should acquire short term results or work for the development of the longer term interests of the business. In dra wing the balance between shortermism and sustainability, most businesses are concerned with four key things (Aras and Gowther, 2009 p282). These include: 1. Societal impact: That is the impact of the business on the society. 2. Environmental impact: The impact of the business on the natural environment. 3. Organisational culture: The relationship between organisational and internal stakeholders like employees. 4. Finance: The acquisition of adequate returns commensurate with the risks taken. These four important factors play a major role in determining the terrain and activities of the organisation. The major corporate collapses like Enron were attributed to blatant disregard for some key elements of these four components of businesses (Clarke, 2005). Thus, they all played roles in defining the creation of corporate governance rules and systems. Although there is still evidence of shortermism in corporate organisations, there is still some important roles that corporate governance s tandards and roles play in promoting sustainability in business (Eyatt, 2005). Risk Management One of the roles that corporate governance plays is that it helps in the creation of risk management systems to ensure that the board of directors monitor and control risks in organisations (Fraser and Harvey, 2007). â€Å"Company business models should be explained and the board should be responsible for determining the

Chaplins Silent Movies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chaplins Silent Movies - Essay Example The cinema industry has developed from silent movie to the higher level audio projection noticed in the modern movie industry. Characters have manipulated this provision to accord the movie production an identity that is projected to the society. Famous actors and performers have been associated with the existing technological development found within a given movie setting. Charlie Chaplin had been identified with the comedy genre and his performance on the silent movie theme accorded the production an identity. He had managed to revolutionize the technology evident during his time to develop movies that attracted audience based on the performance (Milton 1996, p86). The result meant that the audience was capable of identifying his movies with a similar theme from the actor. Chaplin presented multiple talents in not only producing the comedy theme during the silent movie period, but also served as an outstanding actor. Chaplin managed to revolutionize the silent film era through pres enting a unique style in the completion of his film creation.Chaplin movies had made him popular at the time when sound had been the absent entity within the development of film production. Chaplin had been remarkable and created an identity among the audience to relate to a style that had not been developed by other actors. Without sound, comedy had been the most difficult entity to achieve, but Chaplin managed to create a style that applied visual effects to present humor. The most noticed provision applied in his style was in the image he had created of himself. The stage presentation was unique to be familiar among his fans. He humored audiences with the antics he had created with the package of a bowler hat and the combination of a baggy trouser. Chaplin also developed an outstanding moustache with an expressive cane, mostly applying visual humor to move the fans. The development that Chaplin presented to the film had included positive reforms and application of creativity to r elay a massage. His style had been influenced with the ability to communicate with the audience without speech application. Chaplin had initially been a musician and had developed his acting career based on the desire to revolutionize his lifestyle. Under Mack Sennet, Chaplin developed his acting career to become a successful comedian while making short films. By 1920, he had managed to progress into developing films that held more content and time to deliver prosperity in his career. With his talent, Chaplin had founded the United Artists to produce affordable films completing the details personally with his talent. He had been a producer, writer and an actor who sought inspiration from the former comedian Max Linder who had applied a similar style. He managed to successfully incorporate the style within his movie creation to personalize the theme and accord an identity form that had appealed to his audience. Chaplin had created his films based on presented this and experience acco rded from childhood experiences. Chaplin had grown up in poverty from an irresponsible father and a mentally challenged mother. These conditions had limited his progress with the threat posed on the success towards societal development. He had ventured into the film creation industry with the motive of delivering success in his personal lifestyle. Moreover, Chaplin had been a performer, and

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Research report - Essay Example t also enables companies to cater to the increasing and incessantly changing demands of customers and therefore is considered as a fundamental element of client relationship tactic (Christopher, 2012). It allows managers to make sure that products are being delivered to customers at the right time, place and quantity. They always seek the opportunity to expand their business to those companies that offer them with cheaper source of labour and raw materials in order to decrease their raw materials (Prater, Biehl and Smith, 2001). In addition, their move to expand into a different country is also driven by their urge to cover a greater market (Gunasekaran, Patel and McGaughey, 2004). It is with regards to this fact that the researcher will be reviewing the case of Rolls Royce strategy to choose Singapore as its manufacturing location. This study is inspired by an article published in the Financial Times written by Grant (2014) titled â€Å"Aerospace manufacturers head to Singapore innovation hub.† In this study the researcher will be providing an in-depth explanation of the factors that has driven this move by Rolls Royce managers to shift its manufacturing base to Singapore. The researcher will also be emphasizing on the risks and challenges that needs to be considered by the managers of the company in order to improve its global supply chain performance. Finally, the researcher will be endeavouring to recommend certain strategies that can be implemented by Rolls Royce managers in order to tackle the potential challenges and risks in the company’s international supply chain. Rolls Royce’s decision to shift its manufacturing division to Singapore was driven by a number of reasons associated with the requirement to bring down cost of sales, increase operational and supply chain frequency and meet the growing demand of its customer base. First of all the corporate tax rate is considerably lower in Singapore (17%) (Grant, 2014) when compared to the rate that is

An Orientation Tour along with Fall Prevention Education Coursework

An Orientation Tour along with Fall Prevention Education - Coursework Example Step 3:Create your research question. State your full question. For example: For new students entering an online program would a mandatory orientation course improve retention by increasing computer literacy and professional writing proficiency? Step 4:Select the key PICOT terms for searching the evidence.Is the potential solution something for which you (as nurse or student) can find a solution through evidence research? In the above example the PICOT search terms would be: Â  I will compare the rate of fall to tour with the family members alone to the unit prior to the admission without patient aware of the facility he/she is going to orientation tour with both patient and family members. One of the strategies I will use to expand the search would be refining the search statement, choosing the appropriate data base, using more focused key words, opting for advanced search as well as Boolean search. In addition, controlling the language and vocabulary can also be used in expanding my search. 3. Describe ways you might refine your general search to reduce the number of results from your search. Can you use the EBSCO subject headings? What about the advanced search option using Boolean limiters such as AND. Once you have a reasonable number of relevant search results (10-30) what final limiters will, you set to reduce the search results further (i.e., English language limiter, age limiters, publication year limiters, peer-reviewedjournallimiter, and/or human subject limiter)? The use of advanced search or the Boolean search is effective ways of refining the general research. The EBSCO database presents an opportunity for the use of headings of the intended subject which I can successfully use to define my subject. Moreover, using the option of AND, OR and NOT which are the Boolean limiters can serve as a strategy of refining my research.

legal process Essay Example for Free

legal process Essay In law, the Golden rule, or British rule, is a form of statutory construction traditionally applied by English courts. The other two are the â€Å"plain meaning rule† (also known as the â€Å"literal rule†) and the â€Å"mischief rule.† The golden rule allows a judge to depart from a words normal meaning in order to avoid an absurd result1. The term â€Å"golden rule† seems to have originated in the 1854 case of Mattison v. Hart as per Chief Justice Jervis’ propounding and implies a degree of enthusiasm for this particular rule of construction over alternative rules that has not been shared by all subsequent judges. For example, Viscount Simon made a point of including this note in a 1940 decision: â€Å"The golden rule is that the words of a statute must prima facie be given their ordinary meaning2.† Like the plain meaning rule, the golden rule gives the words of a statute their plain, ordinary meaning. However, when this may lead to an irrational result that is unlikely to be the legislatures intention, the golden rule dictates that a judge can depart from this meaning. In the case of homographs, where a word can have more than one meaning, the judge can choose the preferred meaning; if the word only has one meaning, but applying this would lead to a bad decision, the judge can apply a completely different meaning. History and evolution of the Golden Rule This rule is founded on Justice Parke (later Lord Wensleydale)’s enunciation in Becke v Smith where he stated thus: â€Å"It is a very useful rule in the construction of a statute to adhere to the ordinary meaning of the words used, and to the grammatical construction, unless that is at variance with the intention of the legislature to be collected from the Nokes v. Doncaster Amalgamated Collieries3, or leads to any manifest absurdity or repugnance, in which case the language may be varied or modified so as to avoid such inconvenience but no further.† Twenty years later, Lord Wensleydale restated the rule in different words in Grey v Pearson75 thus: â€Å"In construing statutes, and all written instruments, the grammatical and ordinary sense of the words is to be adhered to, unless  that would lead to some absurdity or inconsistency with the rest of the instrument, in which case the grammatical and ordinary sense of the words may be modified, so as to avoid that absurdity or inconsistency, but not farther.† With time, the rule continues to become more refined and therefore to be a more precise and effective tool for the courts. More than a century after Grey v. Pearson, a court added this caveat: â€Å"Nowadays we should add to natural and ordinary meaning the words in their context and according to the appropriate linguistic register.† In summary, this rule may be used in two ways. It is applied most frequently in a narrow sense where there is some ambiguity or absurdity in the words themselves. For Lord Simon of Glaisdale, reasons for judgment in Stock v. Frank Jones (Tipton) Ltd4 at 235 examples, imagine there may be a sign saying â€Å"Do not use lifts in case of fire.† Under the literal interpretation of this sign, people must never use the lifts, in case there is a fire. However, this would be an absurd result, as the intention of the person who made the sign is obviously to prevent people from using the lifts only if there is currently a fire nearby. The second use of the golden rule is in a wider sense, to avoid a result that is obnoxious to principles of public policy, even where words have only one meaning. The rule was applied in this second sense in Sigsworth, Re, Bedford v Bedford where the court applied the rule to section 46 of the Administration of Estates Act 1925. This statute required that the court should â€Å"issue† someones inheritance in certain circumstances5. The court held that no one should profit from a crime, and so used the golden rule to prevent an undesirable result, even though there was only one meaning of the word â€Å"issue.† A son murdered his mother and then committed suicide. The courts were required to rule on whom then inherited the estate: the mothers family, or the sons descendants. There was never a question of the son profiting from his crime, but as the outcome would have been binding on lower courts in the future, the court found in favour of the mothers family6. The Golden Rule The rule was defined by Lord Wensleydale in the Grey v Pearson case (1857) as: â€Å"The grammatical and ordinary sense of the words is to be adhered to unless that would lead to some absurdity or some repugnance or inconsistency with the rest of the instrument in which case the grammatical and ordinary  sense of the words may be modified so as to avoid the absurdity and inconsistency, but no farther.† So, The Golden Rule is a modification of The Literal Rule to be used to avoid an absurd outcome. The Golden Rule was used in the R v Allen case (1872). In this the defendant was charged with bigamy (s.57 of offences against the person act 1861) which, under statutes states: whosoever being married shall marry any other person during the lifetime of the former husband or wife is guilty of an offence. Under The Literal Rule, bigamy would be impossible because civil courts do not recognize second marriages, so The Golden Rule was applied to determine that the word ‘marry’ should be seen as ‘to go through ceremony’ and the conviction was upheld. The Golden Rule was applied in the Adler v George case (1964). Under section 3 of the official secrets act (1920) it was an offence to obstruct HM Forces in the vicinity of a prohibited area. Adler was arrested for obstructing forces whilst in a prohibited area. Under The Literal Rule, Adler was not in the VICINITY of the area – he was IN the area – and so was not infringing the terms of the act. The Golden Rule was applied to extend the meaning of ‘vicinity’ and avoid the possible absurd outcome. The main advantage of The Golden Rule is that drafting errors in statutes can be corrected immediately. This is seen in the R v Allen (1872) case where the loopholes were closed, the decision was in line with parliament’s intentions and it gave a more just outcome. A major disadvantage of The Golden Rule is that judges can technically change the law by changing the meaning of words in statutes. They can, potentially infringing the separation of powers between legal and legislature. The Golden Rule won’t help if there is no absurdity in the statute. For example the London and North Eastern Railway v Berriman (1946) case, where the widow couldn’t get compensation because the wording of the statute didn’t allow for this circumstance. The ‘Golden Rule’ as introduced by Lord Wensleydale in Grey v Pearson but perhaps better expressed by Lord Blackburn in River Wear Commissioners v Adamson We are to take the whole statute and construe it all together, giving the words their ordinary signification, unless when so applied they produce an inconsistency, or an absurdity or inconvenience so great as to convince the Court that the intention could not have been to use them in their ordinary signification†¦. In R v Allen and the Offence Against the Persons Act (1872), a case of bigamy, it was held that bigamy meant to take part in the  ceremony of marriage a whilst still married to another person, the statute could be applied successfully thanks to the application of the ‘Golden Rule’. Another example would be that found in Re: Sigsworth and the Administration of Estates Act 1925. The golden rule only rescues the court in tiny number of instances. The point was made by John Willis in a famous article where he asked â€Å"What is absurdity?† Absurdity is as vague as plain meaning. It is a matter of personal opinion, more susceptible to the influence of personal prejudice. Golden rule is just a device to achieve desired result and to escape from sum of the more updatable effect of literal rule (Nothman v. Barnet London Borough Council). The Law Commission criticised that there is no clear means to test the existence of the characteristics of absurdity, inconsistency, or to measure their quality or extent. This became known as Lord Wensleydales golden rule. It only applies where the words are ambiguous. An interpretation that is not absurd is to be preferred to one that is. An example is: R v Allen7 The Law Commission (1969) noted that: * The rule provided no clear means to test the existence of the characteristics of absurdity, inconsistency or inconvenience, or to measure their quality or extent. * As it seemed that absurdity was in practice judged by reference to whether a particular interpretation was irreconcilable with the general policy of the legislature the golden rule turns out to be a less explicit form of the mischief rule. Table of cases Grey v Pearson Mattison v. Hart Nokes v. Doncaster Amalgamated Collieries Stock v. Frank Jones (Tipton) Ltd R v Allen case (1872). London and North Eastern Railway v Berriman (1946) Nothman v. Barnet London Borough Council Bibliography Learning the Law Glanville Williams 12th Ed. (A.T.H Smith) ISBN 0421744200 Osborn’s Concise Law Dictionary 9th Ed. (S. Bone) ISBN 042175340 An introduction to the British Constitution I.M.M. MacPhail SBN: 7131 12662 The English Legal System 6th Ed. Slapper Kelly ISBN 1 85941 7558 Cases and Commentary On Tort 4th Ed. Harvey Marston ISBN 0273 638432 Torts 8th Edition Micheal A Jones ISBN 0199255334 Law of Tort John Cooke 6th Ed. ISBN 0582 473489 English Legal System 2003 –2004 Q A Slapper Kelly ISBN 185941 754x http://wolf-nt.wlv.ac.uk/ http://www.uk.westlaw.com

Personal Ethics Statement Essay Example for Free

Personal Ethics Statement Essay After taking the Ethical Lens Inventory, I have discovered that my personal lens is the Results Lens. Upon further reading I discovered how that translated into my values, strengths, weaknesses, and my blind spot as well as how to see more clearly. The key phrase for those with the Results Lens is â€Å"I make choices that are good for everyone. † The values and strengths associated with the Results lens are the core values, the classical values, and the definition of ethical behavior, the tools for analyzing problems, and the gift. Core values are autonomy over equality, and protecting individual rights, and prioritizing value of sensibility over rationality. It is better to examine each situation in its own context rather than a one-size-fits-all solution. The classical value is prudence by demonstrating wisdom, foresight, optimism, imagination, and the gift of entrepreneurship. Creating the greatest good is my lens type’s definition of ethical behavior, by seeking win-win results. Experience provides the tool for analyzing problems, by considering multiple perspectives and focusing on what is really happening to consider solutions that make many people happy. Free will is the gift associated with the Results Lens. Because of the value of autonomy, we are self-reliant and accountable. We want this freedom for each person to seek their ideal goals in life. The Results Lens also has its weaknesses such as a blind spot, expedience, risk, greed, and also failure. The blind spot for this lens type is becoming satisfied with too little good. We fail to be accountable to those that are depending on us when we exercise our free will. As long as our needs are met we can become complacent. Our temptation is expedience by not paying attention we can be tempted to base our actions on what is politic or advantageous rather than what is right. Reducing decisions to a cost-benefit analysis is this lenses biggest risk. We need to ensure that all have free will or we run the risk of reducing decisions to narrow and purely financial cost-benefit analysis. The vice for the Results Lens is becoming greedy. If we fail to exercise free will responsibly our pursuit of good for all can devolve into an excuse for taking as much for ourselves as we can get away with. Failure is this lenses major crisis. If we fail to develop the practice of mindfulness and reflection we will face failure. No one can accomplish or acquire everything, and the more you do the less satisfying it can become. Our acquisitiveness could be driving people away from us. In conclusion, in order for people who fall under the Results Lens to see clearly, we must use our head, check to see if our gut and head agree. To find a proper balance we need to explore the gifts of the other lenses such as consistency and concern for the whole community. As we learn to consider other perspectives in our decision-making process, we will live out the best of our ideals with compassion and care for others.

Automation of the Tapping Machine

Automation of the Tapping Machine CAREER EPISODE 2 INTRODUCTION CE 2.1 The second career episode is based on an experience that I gained after performing a group project as a student of last semester of Bachelor Degree. The project was title Automation of the Tapping Machine. I completed my Bachelors of Engineering Technologist in Mechatronics from Chisholm Institute, Dandenong, Australia. The project was completed in 13 weeks duration, from March 2016 to May 2016. It was undertaken under Prof. Dr. Tharshan Vaithianathan and Prof. Masoud Goudarzi and was a part of my industrial training at R I Instrument and Gear Co. Pty. Ltd. BACKGROUND CE 2.2 Nature of project   Ã‚   Finding a solution that saves cost and time within production is the biggest responsibility of engineers when manufacturing. Automation is required in all the industry to improve efficiency, maintain consistency and speed, reduce waste, and maintaining quality to compete the global market. There were issues arising in tapping and gear cutting machine which lead to wastage of cost and labor time for the company R I Australia. To provide a multiple tapping device at a time and to eliminate the manual adjustment process of the XY table, I had proposed this project. In my project, I had to accomplish all the business goals and objectives assigned to me within defined budget and time parameter. And to minimize the impact within the affected units to standardized the business operations. CE 2.3 The goal of implementing the tapping machine is that it: Facilitates coordination and information sharing both internal and external to the organizations. Will provide better finished products. Enhances the ability and effectiveness of the team to perform their jobs. Easy use Provides an open, flexible, reliable updated technology. CE 2.4 Objectives The primary objective was to address the issue of production and give a possible solution that rectifies it and helps to improve the efficiency of the production and specially in terms of tapping machine and Saws department and to partially optimize the cost. Basically, the whole project is made up of 2 different objectives which is completed to solve the issue. The idea is to achieve a high degree of accuracy in the process. Also, to learn about how stepper motors are programmed through G-coding along with the Arduino board and g shield. CE 2.5 The chart of organizational structure CE 2.6 Duties I started with studying various solutions that fit my problem statement. I researched and surveyed on automation, gears, latest equipment from FSM SMC Learnt how CNC shield is operated and G code is programmed. Performed online and practical testing on the operating machine. Compared various components before selecting them. Researched on drive mechanism, stepper motors, wheel shafts and pulleys. Prepared various engineering drawing for implementation of my project with the help of engineering tools. Diving and providing time slots to team members. Maintaining balance and peace to avoid conflict among each other. Kept good relations with supervisor. Reporting the development of the project to the lab supervisor and coordinator. PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY CE 2.7 I first observed the current scenario of the work procedure and the machine operation. Based on my notes, I decided to remove the current manual XY table along with the vice and add a new system motorize stage. The new proposed XY table system will be placed on the base plate of the tapping machine and then further connected to the CNC shield for programming. The table is made such that it holds few work pieces at the same time. Once the work piece is kept and placed on the table, a G code program controls the tapping operations that is obtained from the USB device connected to the CNC shield. The XY table is designed in solid works such that it moves in X and Y directions. There are stepper motor drive shafts that are connected and when they rotate it drives the lead screws connected to it and move the stage in X and Y directions. CE 2.8 The below image shows the proposed XY table and its related components. It is designed keeping in mind the future height of XY table together with the vice along with the length of the drill bite. The drill head is kept and positioned such that the distance from the middle of the base plate to end in Y axis is 90mm. the stroke movement of the table in the direction of Y axis from the center position is assumed to be 50mm and in the direction of X axis it is 100mm. The selection procedure of XY table involved range of steps. At the first stage, it was required to take up the measurements of the current set up that was in use. Later stage was designing, which was done to find out various variables that are related to the table. CE 2.9 Based on certain assumptions and from the current scenario, the calculations for the variables was done and considered as shown in the table below. With these values, selection procedure was carried out for various components and its parameters. For my project a drive mechanism was required which rotates the motor to the table and helps the XY table o move, so for this reason I decided to use ball screw drive mechanism which is ideal for my situation because of its high stiffness and ability for short acceleration and declaration. The motor was selected with the help of online software that helps for various calculation. Arduino G shield is used as it is a suitable hardware solution for CNC motion controlled systems. I made use of engineering tools for drawing each solid work piece and component considering the minute details and its precise values to achieve the highest accuracy level. Maximum payload Stroke Precession Speed 7kg XY:200mmx180mm 20 microns max: 25mm/sec CE 2.10 After completing the above XY table, I had to automate the rotation of hand wheel which controls the vertical movement. And the important point for consideration was the depth of the gear cut. So, it was important to track the vertical movement of the axis of the machine and solution for replacing the manual hand wheel with mechanical automated machine. After all the brainstorming process, I decided to use pulley belt mechanism using a steeper motor to replace the current manual hand wheel. By using this, it would provide high speed of production, accuracy, it will be time saving and less labor involvement which would result in safety. CE 2.11 I used CAD software and other engineering software to design the structure of the components that will be made to use based on the requirement and calculations taken up. The components were compared for price and the budget was kept in mind. It was necessary to take precaution in selecting the correct component as it would affect the whole system. The components used are: Stepper motor required to produce torque to turn rotating wheel shaft for gear cutting operations. Small pulley for motor 14mm inner diameter, selected considering the conditions it met. Large pulley for turning wheel shaft 42mm maximum bore diameter Time belt to transfer momentum between both pulley polyurethane cantilena belt was chosen, which had high grade wire and tension with high flank load capacity. Stepper motor driver to manage the running capacity of the stepper motor Rotary encoder it is basically used to detect original position of the shaft. It converts mechanical displacement signals to electrical signals. Arduino board for programming Arduino Uno r3 CE 2.12 After coming to the conclusions and deciding of the components, I plotted an electrical connection diagram that depicted the structural layout of all the electrical connections that were required between the Arduino UNO board, motor, and the power supply to run this mechanism. The Arduino board was connected to the encoded and the motor. From the diagram, the pin number 8-11 of the board are used for controlling the stepper motor. And the pins from 2 to 4 are used for encoder. Programming is done to deliver the reference data to regulate the motor and encoder. With the help of 5V supply that is received by the UNO board, it supplies the power to the encoder also and both are grounded properly so that same reference voltage is provided to the encoder and the power supply. CE 1.13 After completing the hardware work and when the connection was completed. I performed a troubleshooting, to check the functioning of the mechanism is proper. I used many different engineering software to test the system. Luckily, I didnt come across any major issues while implantation of the project. I only had problems in decided the accurate component that would meet the requirements of my project. I also introduced new engineering skills and workshops in my project such as latest equipments from FSM and SMC, HMI systems, G shield for automated dispatch, and automated field reporting software by using interfaces like G-coding, C++, AFR and CAD. CE 1.14 As I was leading the whole project, I was responsible for managing my group mates. I had to regularly keep updates on their progress and maintain one on one relationship to achieve success in my project. I also maintained good relations with my university supervisors and the company engineer under whom I was getting trained. SUMMARY CE 1.15 I accomplished the goals and objectives assigned to me by the company. I presented them a well-planned and working device which would benefit in their production. I applied various engineering knowledge that I learnt from my bachelors degree. I also introduced new techniques and mechanism that was beneficial and appropriate for my problem summary. I learn new software and learned to prepare a budget and function the project in that assigned budget. I cultured myself into the corporate world and adapt corporate behavior and skills. A project thesis and a presentation of my work was submitted on completion of my work.

Romance in Percy Bysshe Shelleys Plays :: Percy Bysshe Shelley Romantic Romance Essays

To think of something romantically is to think of it naively, in a positive light, away from the view of the majority. Percy Bysshe Shelley has many romantic themes in his plays. Educated at Eton College, he went on to the University of Oxford only to be expelled after one year after publishing an inappropriate collection of poems. He then worked on writing full-time, and moved to Italy shortly before his death in a boating accident off the shore of Leghorn. He wrote many pieces, and his writing contains numerous themes. Shelley experienced first-hand the French Revolution. This allowed him to ponder many different situations, and determine deep philosophical views - views that were so radically different they were considered naive at best, downright wrong at worst. He contemplated socialism, having for a father-in-law William Godwin, who was the prominent socialist in the United Kingdom in Shelley''''s time. Shelley liked Napolean, and was suspicious of both the Bourbon monarchy and the Directory. Most of all, Shelley felt that all people had the right to work for themselves; he did not support the notion that once one had been born into a class, one must stay in that class for the rest of one''''s life. Shelley felt that all bodies of the universe were governed by the same principle, completely contradicting the given theories, those of Aristotle. Thus, Shelley gained a romantic and rather naive view of the universe. In fact, Carlos Baker describes his poems as "The Fabric of a Vision". (Baker 1) In Percy Bysshe Shelley''''s poems, the author uses those naive, romantic opinions on the themes of romance, politics, and science. Romance is well defined as a theme choice for Shelley. Shelley uses this theme rather romantically; one could say that Shelley''''s theme in his amorous poetry is unrestricted passion; love, Shelley feels, can overcome all obstacles, distance, fear, even death. One example of this is in Shelley''''s poem which is titled by the first line: "I fear thy kisses, gentle maiden": "I fear thy kisses gentle maiden;/Thou needst not fear mine;/My spirit is too deeply laiden/Ever to burden thine/I fear thy mien, thy tones, thy motion;/Thou needst not fear mine;/Innocent is the heart''''s devotion/With which I worship thine" In this poem Shelley is observing that he feels inferior to his maiden; he "fears" her kisses because he is intimidated by her perfection to the point where he feels as though he is stifling her, that she is compromising her own value by falling in love with him; this is why the maiden should not fear Shelley. He emphasizes his own faults in line 3,

The Power of Zeus Teleios in the Oresteia :: Aeschylus Oresteia

The Power of Zeus Teleios in the Oresteia      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the action in the Oresteia preordained? Is the trilogy simply a working through of destiny and fate; the ultimate telos of the events being the downfall of the house of Atreus? Are the characters in the story destroyed by themselves or by the necessity of the deeds that are carried out? These are some of the questions I will discuss in this essay.    I wish to concentrate on the end of the story as we know it, the Eumenides, with reference to character portrayal in the previous parts of the trilogy. The characters I am really interested in discussing are Klytaemnestra, the Erinyes and Orestes in particular, but am also going to make brief reference to the characters of Elektra and Athena.    Klytaemnestra appears in all three plays in the trilogy: which through repetition, for me at least, makes her the most important character. More than anything, in the Oresteia, we watch Klytaemnestra become powerless. It is her transgression of limits1 that we see rectified.    Klytaemnestra in Agamemnon is a strong and wilful woman, who relishes her part in the downfall of Agamemnon himself. She is proud of her action, accepts full responsibility for his death at her hands; she takes her vengeance against him for the death of Iphigeneia2. This is shown in lines such as 'I exult' (A 1417) and after she kills him, 'you think I'm some irresponsible woman?' (A 1425). Aeschylus uses her to embody the powerful 'heroic' ethic of vengeance - blood for blood.    This is unusual firstly because she is a woman; it would seem more appropriate to use a hero in the traditional Homeric sense to embody a heroic ethic. Secondly, we have the dichotomy between the markedly female Erinyes, visualising the nature of 'blood for blood' in Eumenides and the act of vengeance itself - expressed in Homer as a male 'heroic' ethic.    We know this is the start of a trilogy because an audience cannot see a woman - especially one as anti-matriarchal as Klytaemnestra - triumph over a king as famous and respected as Agamemnon. Her downfall is intrinsically tied in with his; she catches herself in the 'great net' (A 1402) and it is her struggles that 'merely tightened the tangle.' (A 1403).   

Exile And Pain In Three Elegiac Poems Essay -- essays research papers

There is a great similarity between the three elegiac poems, The Wanderer, The Wife of Lament, and The Seafarer. This similarity is the theme of exile. Exile means separation, or banishment from ones native country, region, or home. During the Anglo Saxon period, exile caused a great amount of pain and grief. The theme is shown to have put great sadness into literature of this time period. The majority of the world's literature from the past contains the theme of exile. The Wife of Lament is another perfect example of literature with exile, and was written by an unknown author. The most striking example of exile in this poem can be seen in the passage when she says, "A song I sing of sorrow unceasing, the tale of my trouble, the weight of my woe, woe of the present, and woe of the past, woe never-ending of exile, and grief, but never since girlhood greater then now." The woman's husband left her in a life of exile, after he left. She is constantly looking for him, and finds a life that is quite similar to being locked away in prison. She is locked up in a cave under a tree. Her joy comes from thinking that her husband is as miserable as her. In the first passage from the poem, The Wanderer, it speaks of exile by saying, "To the wanderer, weary of exile cometh Gods pity, compassionate love, though woefully toiling on wintry seas with churning oar in the icy wave, homeless and helpless he fled from fate." It can be easily seen...

Life in the Ocean

Question 1: Parts of Chesapeake Bay were affected by unexpected blooms of a toxic dinoflagellate, Pfisteria piscicida, in 1997. Research those occurrences in the internet, and discuss the blooms and their effects on the local economy. Was it sensationalist press coverage, or a real danger to humans?Ans.:Â  During the summer of 1997, the Chesapeake Bay was reported to have an unexpected bloom of the plankton, Pfisteria piscicida. Experts believed that it was caused by too much pollution from the surrounding districts of Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia. Farms, factories, and towns contribute to the pollution. According to the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, 318 million pounds of nitrogen and 19 million pounds of phosphorus are deposited into the Bay as the result of development, run-off, and air pollutants. Agriculture and poultry operations constitute a large part of the causes of pollution of the Bay. The presence of these pollutants at high concentrations triggered the pfisteria bloom, the result of which was devastating. Thousands of fishes were killed rendering massive losses in the local economy, i.e. seafood sales drop. Maryland alone had lost $43 million in sales. Many people were sick due to the toxins taken from the Bay products which increased expenditure in healthcare and medicine.Pfisteria bloom in the Chesapeake Bay posed a threat to humans as well as other organisms. In Maryland, environmentalists are making some steps to minimize pollution of the Bay. The US government had spent millions of dollars in trying to eradicate the cause of such phenomena.Question 2: Whale watching is considered as a worthwhile environmental activity. Some tour guide operations even allow `whale petting`, as in the Pacific Gray whale nursing grounds in Baja California. `Swim with the Dolphins` operators are popular in Florida, Hawaii, and the Caribbean. Discuss the potential deleterious effects that these inter actions with humans may have on these marine mammals.Ans.:Â  Human activities have substantial effects to the marine environment, especially the marine mammals. Activities like that cause loud underwater noise, deep-water gillnetting and driftnet fishing, pollution, whaling, large-scale industrial fishing, vessel traffic as well as activities like whale-watching, whale-petting, or simply interacting with the marine mammals have deleterious effects to them. The immediate effect of these interactions to the marine mammals is disturbance.Whale-watchers observed that whales are becoming more difficult to search in the open seas because of changes of areas and modes of operation as the result of these disturbances. Visual and acoustic surveys proved that whales are susceptible to acoustic changes, i.e. sound of the vessel engine, as it is there primary mode of communication. Whales and other marine mammals use echolocation in searching for food and other activities (i.e. mating, social contact). Noise from tour boats disrupts the sound signals transmitted and received thereby affecting their senses. This resulted to decline in whale population and other marine mammals. Research also showed that the presence of tour boats in their surroundings causes stress which affects their behavior.Question 3. What fish and shellfish populations are at or below historic levels? What restoration efforts are being revised to manage the most important fisheries more effectively? Discuss these and other issues affecting marine resources RIGHT HERE in Maryland.Ans.:Â  Chesapeake Bay fish and shellfish populations are largely affected by pollution from the surrounding states. Blue crab, oyster, striped bass, Susquehanna shad, and menhaden are some of the species studied. Different strategies used to increase harvest were examined by scientists and natural resource managers. The American shad and the blue crab were found to have increased over the past decade and are no longer below historic levels.This increase was attributed to the responsible fisheries management. Current reports have shown that the Bay’s fish and shellfish are three-fifths away from the desired levels. In this regard, scientists and managers are trying their best to restore the Bay’s abundant estuarine ecosystem. The restoration efforts include the following activities and plans: reducing pollution, maintain restoring habits, responsible fisheries management, watershed protection, and fostering stewardship. Pollution, as the primary cause of death of estuarine species was tackled by different states by enforcing laws that protects the Bay area from ruthless throwing of waste matter, i.e. increasing taxation of industry-scale poultry operations in Maryland. ReferencesSpotts, P.N. (1997). US Pours Money, Expertise into Halting Legal ‘Blooms’ [Electronic Version]. Christian Science Monitor, 10/08/97(United States), 3. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http://www.whoi.ed u/redtide/notedevents/gennews/generalHABnews.htmlGoodman, P.S. (1998). Ma., Va. Brace for Pfiesteria Outbreaks. The Washington Post, April 5, 1998.Lauhakangas, R. (n.d.). Special Aspects of Sperm Whales and Their Relevance to Whale Watching. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http://www.helsinki.fi/~lauhakan/whale/education/sc4876.htmlStiffler, L. (2002). Whale-watchers Might be Harmful to Orcas, Study Shows. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/72927_orca01.shtml

Kudler Fine Foods Network Overview Essay

Introduction One of the considered â€Å"best fine food stores† around is the Kudler Fine Foods. However, Kudler is in serious need of a network infrastructure upgrade of their old one. To introduce the latest technologies in data collection; company communication; and information protection while providing the best data speeds and network access; are the main goals of the enterprise network. This huge step is significant as this will increase the revenue and will reduce the costs of operation throughout the Kudler Fine Foods stores. Kudler Fine Foods will go back up to technological speed as the network upgrade is completed, while at the same time improving the way they keep track of inventory and sales by using data mining techniques, which will be collected and analyzed in real time. Network Overview The review of the current network used at Kudler Fine Foods was able to determine that the network topology that is being used is the bus topology. The bus network is set-up in such a way that all the network components are connected via CAT5 to the bus or communication line. This configuration is true at sites in the corporation for their workstations, servers, and standalone UPS. A 56k modem is the device that is used by all of the networks communicating to the internet. Although the bus network is very reasonable when it comes to cost, the downfall is that when the backbone goes down, the entire network can encounter an outage that is very difficult to troubleshoot. Another disadvantage this network is the occurrence of signal collision. This happens when two systems are sending signals at the same time to one another, collides with each other and causes to drop both signals. To solve this problem, CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) technology will be set-up in the network, which will put the network into a listen mode before sending, to prevent collisions from taking place. Network Response time The current network is experiencing lack of response time and latency due to the use of 56k modems installed at all of the sites. The major goal of the upgrade is to respond to the critical issue of speed performance and possible network outage when there are no other mean of communication exists in case the modems went down. The use of outdated system hardware and software, including the modem and operating system of computer, are seen as the main cause of the problem in terms of response times, latency, and jitter that in the entire network. Response time is being measured by the time that the network takes to respond to command of the users. The slow response time is happening because the host systems at all sites are running only with Window 98 and Pentium II processors, which are over 10 years old. The available bandwidth is related to the latency and jitter issues that are being seen over the network. â€Å"Jitter is defined as the amount of variation or randomness in latency or response time, measured in milliseconds† (What is jitter?, 2006). The 56k modem provides up to 56,000 bps of speed only, which is very slow response time, thereby causing low bandwidth. Another reason is that all of the servers on the Kudler network are running Windows NT with Pentium III processors only. By upgrading the hardware, updating the software, and installing a T1 line which can offer a speed up to 1.544 Mbps (27 times faster than the old modem), the major problems can be solved. By then, the network performance can cope up with all the real-time information coming from all the Kulder Fine Foods locations which will result to better sales and inventory tracking. This will give great improvements from the existing network and will provide an uptime of up to 97%. Traffic Analysis Traffic analysis is used for detecting network intrusions to be able to determine response time and latency that is taking place. Traffic analysis concerns more on the security of the network than the protocol being used. It will be able to detect about when and where a latency issue is taking place. Traffic analysis is being done through command line tools to provide the vital information about the network latency. Wire Shark will be used to allow deep packet level analysis of the network and to mitigate possible network latency problems. Ping is also used to provide the user the ability to check the network conductivity from the workstation to a specific node or internet site. Trace Route is still another utility that can show the full connection path between the user’s workstation and the desired destination  system being reached. The use of these tools can decrease the amount of time of an outage on a network by identifying which devices are not passing on the packets and where the packets drops are taking place. The ability to detect an outage before it results to a bigger issue would be the best case scenario for any network. Kudler’s network will be implementing Nagios. It â€Å"Nagios is a powerful IT management system that lets an organization to easily identify and resolve problems in IT infrastructure before it can greatly affect the critical business processes† (Nagios, 2012). Nagios provides a system that gives alerts whenever a network device is detected acting abnormally, thereby providing a fix immediately. One network can live without the help of traffic analysis tools but it would take a huge amount of man-hours to pin point where in the network the problem exists. Networking Standards It is very important that a network is following and applying the right standards in connecting and sharing information. Open standards allow connecting and sharing information possible because it allows everyone using different technology such as NIC (Network Interface Card) to connect to the internet via CAT5 (Category 5) cable. Using new technology standards can be beneficial but can also give a lot of disadvantages when not using the open standards because it can cause incompatibility with other existing devices. Kudler Fine Foods needs to follow the networking standards issued by the standard-giving bodies as follows: IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is the organization that sets the standards for all networks. Wireless networking standards also fall under this organization. The IEEE has a wide library of information and standards which will be very valuable for the new network. WLAN is also incorporated into this network that is why WECA standards are also worth including. The WECA standards are applied â€Å"ensuring the cross-vendor compatibilities of 802.11b wireless-networking hardware and  software† (Kozierok, 2005). If these wireless standards were not applied properly to the network, then the individual wireless users would not be able to connect properly. The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) plays a very important role in networking as they are the one who issues standards on how to communicate via TCP/IP. These standards and standards-giving bodies need to work together so that network can perform in its fullest potential. Protocol and Security overview Security plays a vital role in the network of any company. The advancement in the hardware and software being used by the network is useless, and costly acquisition and installation are non-sense, if these were no properly secured. To provide the security needed by the network, it is very important to choose the correct communication protocols and individual protocols (under the communication protocols) to be used. For example, TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) is a communication protocol, but within the TCP/IP are protocols that allow for network communication to take place such as port 80 or HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). These protocols are properly chosen based on the characteristics and ability of the devices acquired for the network. The TCP/IP operates at layers 3 and 4 of the OSI model. The new enterprise network will be using WAN which will connect all the sites with their individual WLANs. Again, choosing the right protocols is essential to the security and performance of these networks. WPA2 Enterprise, which is the most recommended encryption used to secure a wireless network, will be used for the WLAN. WPA Enterprise utilizes 802.1x authentications by means of a RADIUS server. RADIUS server, â€Å"is a client/server protocol and also a software, which enables servers that access remotely to communicate with a central server to make authentication of dial-in users and authorization of their access to the requested system or service possible†(Thomas & Oosten, 2006). This will provide user account certificate-based authentication to take place and will form signal-based authentication on to the wireless network. The protocol that is applicable to this implementation is Port 443 or HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), which uses SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) over HTTP, which will encrypt any communication going over this port. The use of this protocol will  prevent network sniffing from unwanted entities and will provide DLP (Data Loss Prevention). Another implementation is the ability to connect to one another via VPN (Virtual Private Network). This will allow a secure communication tunnel to all of the sites using the enterprise network. The VPN connection will have the ability to be accessed anywhere by just setting up an additional high speed internet. The VPN is also significant as it will allow the systems to have back-up system on a central server and provide redundancy of connection in case the main internet connection goes down. Almost everything that will be implemented in the new enterprise network is new technologies but the basic phone line should not be taken for granted. Either VoIP or Centrix can be used for the implementation of the phone line. VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) â€Å"is using RTP, UDP, and IP to/from a Skinny Client for audio† (RADCOM Academy, 2012). The Skinny protocol is used by Cisco devices. VoIP systems can cost a little more expensive due to the total ownership of the systems once purchased. This is an extra overhead for Kudler, so choosing Centrix system is a better option because the company will not be taking on the cost of the system, but only the cost of the service, thereby incurring less overhead and saves money. To conclude, Kudler Fine Foods’ new enterprise network will bring the best choice of hardware, software and service in terms of cost and quality of performance to perform the collection of data, communication, and protection of information vital to the company. This will also increase the revenue and will reduce the operational costs at all Kudler Fine Foods stores. This will then in turn allow Kudler to offer lower prices of their products and services while still providing the best quality of food in the state of California. References RADCOM Academy. (2012). Voice over ip reference page. Retrieved, 15 January 2012, from http://www.protocols.com/pbook/VoIP.htm What is jitter?. (2006, January 6). Retrieved, 21 January 2012, from http://www.nessoft.com/kb/article/what-is-jitter-57.html Nagios. (2012). Products. Retrieved, 21 January 2012, from http://www.nagios.com/products Thomas, O., & Oosten, C. V. (2006, August). Radius (remote authentication dial-in user service). . Retrieved, 21 January 2012, from http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/RADIUS Kozierok, C. (2005, September 20). Networking industry groups. Retrieved, 21 January 2012, from http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_NetworkingIndustryGroups.htm

Discuss attitudes towards food and/or eating behaviour (24 marks) Essay

There are many explanations for the different attitudes of food and eating behaviour. One of the main explanations is social learning theory. This emphasises the impact of observing other people on our attitudes and behaviour. In terms of parental modelling, it is suggested that children can acquire their attitudes towards food by observing the behaviour of their parents. This is because the children are observing their parents eating patterns and therefore the parents are acting as eating role models. Children will notice that their parents are rewarded when they enjoy certain foods. The children will then imitate these eating behaviours as they will expect to get rewarded by doing so. Social learning theory therefore expresses the fact that children their food preferences as a result of vicarious reinforcement. As expected, there is a significant correlation between the diets of parents and their children. Brown and Ogden reported consistent correlations between parents and their children in terms of snack-food intake, eating motivations and body dissatisfaction. This is support for social learning theory because it is showing that observation in the home during childhood is a significant factor in determining eating behaviour and food attitudes. As well as this, in an experiment carried out by Duncker (1938), children observed a series of role models making food choices different to their own such as: their mother, a friend, an unknown adult and a fictional hero. The findings showed that all the role models had an impact on the children’s subsequent food choices except the unknown adult. Therefore children are more likely to sample unfamiliar foods after they have seen a significant role model (particularly their mother rather than a stranger) eat the food. This therefore supports the social learning theory explanation because it shows that parental attitudes and behaviour is especially an essential part of the social learning process of food choice and eating behaviour. Media is another factor that has an influence on our attitudes and behaviour towards food. The role of social learning is evident in the impact of media because throughout childhood, children are exposed to widespread food advertising on television to make food seem more attractive. This exposure can be effective in developing preferences, but unfortunately it can have negative effects because the advertised food tends to be high in fat and carbohydrates which can contribute to problems such as child obesity. Children observe role models in the media and due to vicarious reinforcement; they are often motivated to imitate the behaviour that they see. This means that advertisements involving food as well as role models are definitely powerful in shaping people’s food preferences. The role of social learning through media effects is supported in a study by MacIntyre et al. , who found that the media has a major impact both on what we eat, and our attitudes to certain foods. When evaluating social learning as an explanation of attitudes to food and eating behaviour, there is quite a lot of research support. The importance of social learning in attitudes towards food was demonstrated by Meyer and Gast. They surveyed 10-12 year old girls and boys and found a significant positive correlation between peer influences and disordered eating. The ‘likeability’ of peers was considered to be the most important factor in this relationship. However, this study shows that eating behaviour can be learned through alternative role models other than just our parents. Even though this study shows support, there are still issues with the theory and research into social learning as an explanation of attitudes and eating behaviour. For example, most studies and research support use correlations as their main evidence. Although these correlations allow us to study links between variables, they do not prove that one variable causes the other (e. g. media causes disordered eating). There may be other, extraneous variables that can explain why the co-variables being studied are linked. These studies may therefore lack in internal/external validity. As well as this, the social learning explanation has been criticised for ignoring other factors that have influenced attitudes to food and eating behaviour. It has been recognised that attitudes towards food are clearly a product of much more than social learning alone. For example, evolutionary explanations of food preferences suggest that our liking of fatty and sweet food is a direct result of an evolved adaptation among our distant ancestors over 2 million years ago. Therefore, we may not be able to completely rely on findings based on social learning theory as there could be many other factors that are contributing to our eating behaviour. Another explanation for our attitudes to food and eating behaviour is our mood. Low mood can often result in comfort eating, and low mood also seems to influence binge eating behaviour. Davis et al (1988) showed that low mood often preceded binge eating in bulimics. The same seems to apply in those with no known eating disorder. Students were asked to record their mood and eating habits over a two week period. Days that included binge eating tended also to be days of low mood, but significantly, binge eating did nothing to improve mood afterwards. So although we may binge when down it seems to do little to make us feel better. This influence of mood on our eating behaviours is supported by Garg et al. who conducted a study that focused on the impact of different films on mood and therefore eating behaviour. They observed food choices of 38 participants as they watched either an upbeat, funny film or a sad, depressing one. Participants were offered buttered popcorn and seedless grapes throughout the films. They found that those watching the sad film consumed 36% more popcorn than those watching the upbeat film, but the upbeat film group ate a lot more grapes. Garg et al. concluded that people who feel sad or depressed are more likely to go for a snack that tastes good in order to escape their negative mood. Happy people want to extend their upbeat mood and so choose to eat healthier foods. Even though there is support for mood influencing our eating behaviour, it is unclear why a binge-eating episode as a result of low mood is reinforcing for the individual, especially as any benefit appears to be brief at best. Many studies have also reported a mood decrement in individuals immediately after their binge. In terms of IDA, gender bias is an issue with most studies focusing on attitudes towards food and eating behaviour. These studies mainly focus on only women’s attitudes to eating behaviour, particularly in terms of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, a large number of studies have also shown that in men, homosexuality is a risk factor in development of disordered eating attitudes and levels of dieting. This suggests that studies that concentrate only on women offer a limited view of attitudes of food and eating behaviour and their findings will not be reliable if they were to be generalised to the population as a whole.

Automobile Pollution Essay

Exponential growth in petrol and diesel fueled vehicles are responsible for deterioration of air quality in cities. Because of the increase in urbanization, industrialization and commercial activities in the urban areas, the demand for transport has also been increased. In addition to it the use of personal vehicles has also increase steadily. The various principle pollutants emit from vehicles are as follows- Carbon monoxide (CO) Suspended particulate matter (SPM) Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) Hydrocarbons (HC) Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). 2005 Air Toxic Emissions from On-road Mobile Sources (Tox-weighted) Affects of Automobile Pollution 1. In India about 15-20 million people are asthmatic because of emission of automobile pollution. 2. N02 is a highly toxic gas and attacks the lungs causing lung cancer and emphysema. 3. Automobile pollutants interferes the development and functioning of the nervous system. 4. Some diseases such as bronchitis, plurosis occur by long-term exposure to the particulate matter. 5. N02 reacts with hydrocarbons and creates photochemical smog. Reasons for Automobile Pollution The petrol driven vehicles emit invisible gases such as CO and Benzene while diesel driven vehicles emit mainly black smog containing minute carbon particles and S02. The main reasons for vehicular pollution problems are as follows- 1. Poor quality of fuel 2. Outdated vehicles 3. Congestion and mixed traffic of different types 4. Lack of proper traffic management Important Pre-requisites for Controlling Vehicular Pollution 1. Phasing out of grossly polluted vehicles 2. Enforcement of emission norms for new and in-use vehicles. 3. Improvement in automobile technology 4. Reduction of lead content in motor fuel 5. Stream lining traffic management 6. Improvement in public transport system 7. Fuel quality improvement and switch over to cleaner fuel 8. Restriction on indiscriminate growth of urban centers, industrial and commercial activities Alternative Fuels Hydrogen Gas: It can be used in modified combustion engines and is eco-friendly as it emits water vapours only. Electric Vehicles: They are advantageous over conventional fueled vehicles as far as environment is concerned. Ethanol: It can be used in regular automobiles after blending with petrol. It is rather clean fuel with low nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbons emission and no net C02 emission. Methanol: It is a liquid fuel and is produce from coal, natural gas and biomass. ft emits very little NOx and HC. Natural gas: It exists in the gaseous state at normal temperature and pressure and is found in the form of CNG and LPG. It causes substantially lower pollution without affecting the performance of the vehicles.

Scholastic’s Marketing Strategy

Evolving a successful marketing strategy depends on an effective situation analysis, which involves identifying the customer needs, changes in the operating environment, new opportunities, and the capability of the company to meet these changes. Scholastic corporation is one of the leading publishers catering to the children's segment. With decades of experience in children's publishing and links with most schools libraries across the nation the company has a great outreach to the student segment compared to other competing publishers. However, some changes in the external factors have clearly affected the company's business in a negative way. First and foremost of them is the government's cutting short of school budget allocation, which implied that libraries could no longer afford to spend funds for buying new books. This was a drastic blow for Scholastic as the company depended on its extensive tie-ups with school libraries for its regular business. Next, is the surge of the competitors such as Simon and Schuster and Houghton Mifflin who are capitalizing on Scholastic's inept handling of the changing market situation. These competitors, by their more effective marketing strategies have already started to increase their share in the market, which was previously largely dominated by Scholastic. Scholastic has failed to forge relationships with teachers and management in reaching out to the students. This lack of appreciation of the value of proper human relations is another big hurdle in its business interests, especially when the market seems to be lagging. To be successful under these changing circumstances Scholastic has to revamp their marketing strategy. Focus should be placed on increasing the literacy interests of the younger generation. Under the strange circumstances that the government is crying about improving the literacy skills of students while at the same time cutting the funding for the schools, Scholastic could put to good use its extensive connections with schools by actively participating and organizing book fairs and book clubs. An important fact is that book fairs promote book sales and stimulates reading in children, which in turn implies more books sales. Scholastic should sponsor more book clubs, which would help kindle the reading habits of the school going children. Thus by co-ordinating and working actively with school management Scholastic could promote the reading interests among children which seems to be threatened by the funding cuts by the government. Given that more than 100,000 school book fairs are organized every year around the country, it is plainly obvious that Scholastic should actively participate with the schools in organizing and conducting these book fairs and book club's. These programs, though, may involve expenditure on the part of the company, constitute a good strategy which promises a lot in the long-term. Thus, by organizing these book fairs and book clubs with minimum or even as a non-profit initiative, Scholastic corporation could actively contribute to promoting literacy interests of children upon which rests the success of its future business.

As an Employer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

As an Employer - Essay Example try is too high and at the same time these people stay longer without jobs, the government strains in terms of shelling out money to cater for their livelihood. For instance, the Brazilian economy was slugged in the year 2001 following 58% increment in unemployment rate from the previous year. It took another two years for the Brazilian economy to re-gain its stability (Taylor, 2006). Another relationship between the economy of Brazil and unemployment rates is in terms of spending power. High rates of unemployment leads to reduced rates of spending since the unemployed persons decides to save their money and drastically cut on their expenditure which in turn affects the economy. On the other hand, the employed persons also reduce their rate of spending due to insecurity of their own work and increased taxes by the government. If this trend continues, the government becomes unable to obtain or collect enough taxes to sustain the economy and this leads to economic instability in the country; as witnessed in the years 2001 up to the year 2004. In short the government can only sustain its economy if it obtains enough taxes and revenues from public spending. It is this public spending that unemployment targets in order to curb the economy and make it unstable. Most businesses in the country cut prices in order to sell their products and sometimes lead them out of busi ness thus casing even more unemployment (Taylor, 2006). Lastly, the Brazilian economy is related with its unemployment rates in terms of recession. In situations where the country experiences increased levels of unemployment, some vital economic factors such as health costs, income, healthcare quality, living standards and poverty are affected. These economic determinants at the end affect the stability, performance and growth of the country’s economy (Taylor, 2006). The last time unemployment rate was reported in Brazil was in September 2011 and the standings were at 6%. This is seen as a lower figure

Discussion Questions 1-6 participation 7- Essay

Discussion Questions 1-6 participation 7- - Essay Example I have noticed that the morale of the employees have been down due to the changes, but the employees still working are pleased that the company has kept them on payroll. A few years ago I worked for a company dedicated to selling automobiles. The changes in the prices of different car models affected the demand for the product. Due to the fact that the demand of cars is elastic the sales managers were able to manipulate the level of sales based on the pricing decision they made. At the end of the year when the new car models were coming in the dealer had to reduce its inventory. The company would have blowout sales to liquidate the lot. The pricing strategy used to increase the demand was to reduce prices. Companies with elastic demands cannot increase revenues by increasing prices. There are other things companies can do to increase revenues that has nothing to do with their pricing strategy. For example a firm can increase their marketing budget in order to generate higher sales. Another way to increase revenues is to increasing the amount of vendors that distribute and sell the company’s products. Expanding into other markets is another good way to increase revenues. An increase in revenue most of the times means more profit. Usually when a company gets more revenues its total profits increase as a consequence. This assumption is not always true because a second factor that must consider along with revenues in order to determine profitability is cost. If the costs or expenses increase more than the increment in revenues the profit of the company will be lower. A decrease in revenues usually means that the profits of the company will go down as well. There are circumstances in which a company’s profit can increase despite a decrease in its revenues. If a firm becomes more efficient at controlling its costs it can lower the cost more than the decrease in revenues. Outsourcing is a strategy used by many companies in order to reduce the cost of doing

Should Service Learning Be a Requirement for College Graduation Essay

Should Service Learning Be a Requirement for College Graduation - Essay Example In such programs, students work with communities to solve real-life problems, which not only helps them learn their role as citizens but also inject a sense of social responsibility in their minds. Service learning is of two types, which include directly concerned and not directly concerned service learning programs. In directly concerned programs, students are engaged in activities, which are related to the educational major whereas in not directly concerned programs, students need to provide their services in such programs, which have no direct concern with the educational majors of the students. Let us come to the point that whether service learning should be a requirement for college graduation or not. I firmly believe that it should be a part and a requirement for college graduation due to a number of reasons. One of the major reasons is that service-learning programs enhance learning abilities of the students. Such programs not only improve students’ critical thinking an d decision-making abilities but also prepare them for future because students may need to do such work at some point in future. Through participating in such programs, students learn the ways to apply their skills and knowledge to real life problematic situations, which they may encounter in their professional lives. Service learning makes students prepared for their future professional roles and responsibilities. Such programs make students aware of the workplace environment at an early stage, which helps them adjust in any workplace environment in a very short span of time. Such programs enhance personality development of the students and improve their workplace skills and abilities. Service-learning programs allow students to translate their theory learning into practice, which is a very positive aspect of service learning. Service learning not only provides opportunities to the students to get experience of real work but also help them enrich learning and renew communities. Coll eges and universities should maintain such resources, which they can use to provide learning opportunities to the students. Service learning has become a necessity for the success of students in professional life. Today, many of the students struggle when they enter their professional lives because sometimes they are not mentally equipped with the workplace environment that is provided to them and sometimes they take a lot of time being trained for the job. Service learning eliminates all such possibilities by preparing students mentally for work. One more thing, for which service learning seems essential at college level, is that it enables students identify the roles, which they will need to play in society in future. When students engage in community activities, they become aware of their social roles and responsibilities in a very young stage of life. It is a fact that a society can sustain its existence only if its citizens, both young and adults, are aware of their roles in th e society. Service-learning programs serve this purpose very well. Opponents of service learning say that such programs are unnecessary because they are not relevant to the educational majors of the students. They say that sometimes students who have selected management as their major are selected for the service-learning programs in which they have to take care of patients is the hospitals. Similarly,

Johnson Control Capital Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Johnson Control Capital Investment - Essay Example Therefore, the company possess huge amount of investment in foreign markets foreign business operations. Theoretically, some traditional and efficient methods are used to evaluate capital investment in domestic as well as emerging foreign markets by businesses. But, capital investment is highly risk associated strategic business activity and the company needs to focus beyond the traditional methods of evaluating capital investments like net present value, internal rate of return, payback period etc. Emerging financial businesses like investment banking and financial research companies offers flawless capital investment solutions to many leading multinational organizations and they follow several advanced methodologies for evaluating proposed capital investment practices by the MNCs especially in emerging markets. The main objective to use beyond the traditional methods is to reduce future risk i.e. these methods helps to identify the maximum extent of risk possibilities and provide a lternative solution to reduce the possible risk in substantial extent. One of the efficient methodologies for evaluating capital investment is Salomon-Smith-Barney Model. This methodology is widespread and efficient method used by leading investment banks to evaluate capital investments especially in the emerging markets for reducing risk of investment. This is one of the most recent developed methodologies for international capital investment and it was developed in 2002 by Zenner and Akaydin for leading US investment bank Salomon Smith Barney (Anson, 2011, p.488). This model is risk adjusted and modified extension of G-CAPM approach of capital valuation. In this methodology, different global factors and are considered with a high importance and regional factors are recommended as useless due to market inefficiency. This model mainly focuses on how risk possible risk can be identified in maximum extent and how it can be minimized. As this methodology is modified extension of G-CAPM approach, therefore, it has focused on key shortcomings of the approach. Having a main objective to reduce risk of foreign investment especially in emerging economy perspective, this methodology has focused on a key fact that emerging markets are not totally harbor specific and integrated restraint and complications which can justify a risk premium. The developer of this methodology added an idiosyncratic risk premium into the G-CAPM approach and extended that approach in a new form with high capability of risk indication and reduction. This methodology has adjusted the country risk premium by the overall risk level of a specific capital investment. Country risk premium is generally referred by many capital investment models as it is unadjusted risk political premium of the target country. This is qualitative measure which might not be real valued and incorporated in a valuation model. But this methodology use sovereign bonds yield spread in place of political risk premium which is based on high approximation and highly overestimates required rate return from the capital investment in foreign markets. Thus, this methodology can adjust the most debated country risk premium that can be depending on cash flow from highly risky projects or investments and different individual risk characteristics of specific projects with full premium. Answer 2 Inflation has significant impact on capital investment. Johnson Control has substantial investment in one of the leading Asian emerging

How institutional and cultural issues impact International HRM Essay

How institutional and cultural issues impact International HRM - Essay Example This essay will provide an analysis on the literature available on International Human Resource Management and how companies deal with the challenges of globalisation and of managing employees of different culture. International human resource management is an important emerging phenomenon in international business. There is a sudden growth of interest over this due to the rapid growth of industrialisation and globalisation. Globalisation has revolutionized the way organisations function; it has been enhanced by continuous technological advancement, the Internet and Information Technology. Organisations have to expand both as an organisation and as a business. Businesses, which have been internationalized because of intense globalisation, have to introduce more new products and services. Competition dictates these companies to be always changing and innovative. The importance of borders between different countries is reduced, and similar events and phenomena in countries throughout t he world are more easily linked. The identities of cross-border structures are strengthened, and the power of organisations operating only within the nation state is weakened. International human resource management has its origin in the 1980s, as a reaction against the more functional approach embodied in personnel management. McKern stated that during the early years of the post-war development of the modern international corporation, organisational structures evolved slowly in response to geographical and market diversity. It was easy for management to change structures incrementally. But now changes in the organisation are based on complex environmental factors. International HRM was born. Guest (1990 as cited in Cray and Mallory, 1998) says that ‘the apparent novelty of HRM lies in the claim that by making full use of its human resources a firm will gain competitive advantage’. HRM Paradigms Human resource management is the strategic and coherent approach to the ma nagement of an organisation’s most valued asset – the people. Due to the emergence of various forces in globalisation, organisations and businesses have become global as a result of technological innovations, and the introduction of more development in communications and transportation. There are two paradigms focusing on HRM. The universalist paradigm, which is dominant in the United States and widely used elsewhere, assumes that the purpose of the study of HRM is to improve the way human resources are managed strategically within organisations (Harris et al., 2003). In contrast, the contextual paradigm searches for an overall understanding of what is contextually unique and why. Many management researchers find the universalist paradigm ironically excluding much of the work of HR specialists in such areas as compliance, equal opportunities, trade union relationships and dealing with local government. This paradigm is not helpful in regions like Europe, where signific ant HR legislation and policy is enacted at European Union level (e.g. freedom of movement, employment and remuneration, equal treatment) as well as those of particular countries or sectors (Brewster et al, 1996, qtd. in Harris et al, 2003). HRM is now considered the determinant factor in the success or failure of international business. The success of global business depends most importantly on the quality of management in an organisation. There is a shortage of international management talent that constrains implementation of global strategies (Scullion and Paauwe, 2004). There is a lot of challenge placed on the manager in managing an organisation of different culture. Along this line of thought is the concept on comparative human resource mana